Category: Cardiology/Vascular

The Silent Saboteur: Teaching the Clinical Implications of Occult Hypoxemia & Social Determinants of Health via a Pulmonary Embolism Case

By the end of this oral board case, learners will be able to: 1) obtain appropriate history of present illness (HPI) and physical exam elements for the undifferentiated chest pain patient, 2) identify elements of history and physical exam that are compatible with pulmonary embolism, 3) formulate a differential diagnosis for chest pain and perform the appropriate work-up to narrow this differential diagnosis, 4) appropriately manage pulmonary embolism, 5) review and discuss the diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) elements of the case, and 6) review and discuss the importance of social determinants of health (SDH) in disposition decisions and patient outcomes.

My Broken Heart

By the end of this simulation session, learners will be able to: 1) assess the hemodynamics of an LVAD patient by using a Doppler to determine mean arterial pressure, 2) Manage an arrhythmia in an LVAD patient with a suction event by addressing preload, 3) Identify and treat the source of hypovolemia (a massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage), 4) Perform clear closed-loop communication with other team members.

Drowning Complicated by Hypothermia

At the conclusion of the simulation session, learners will be able to: 1) obtain a relevant focused history, including circumstances of drowning and/or cold exposure; 2) outline different clinical presentations of hypothermia, loosely correlated with core temperature readings; 3) discuss management of hypothermia, including passive external rewarming, active external rewarming, active internal rewarming, and extracorporeal blood rewarming; 4) discuss pathophysiology of drowning; 5) identify appropriate disposition of patients who present after drowning; and 6) identify appropriate disposition of hypothermic patients.

A Case Report of Right Atrial Thrombosis Complicated by Multiple Pulmonary Emboli: POCUS For the Win!

Pulmonary POCUS was performed by the ED physician (GE Venue, C1-5-RS 5MHz curvilinear transducer), and lung examination was unremarkable with no pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or infiltrate. Subxiphoid views (GE Venue, 3Sc-RS 4MHz phased-array transducer) were obtained because this patient’s COPD with severe pulmonary hyperexpansion made parasternal and apical 4-chamber views suboptimal. A large thrombus can be seen within the right atrium (movie 1, images 1, 2). This has a serpiginous, rounded appearance and is mobile, appearing to swirl within the right atrium with intermittent extrusion through the tricuspid valve. A pacemaker wire is also visible within the right ventricle as a non-moving, hyperechoic, linear structure with posterior enhancement artifact. Pericardial effusion is not present.

Going in Blind: A Common Scenario in an Uncommon Situation

By the end of this simulation, learners will be able to (1) evaluate and treat a patient experiencing myocardial infarction and subsequent cardiac arrest during a power outage, (2) describe the local protocols for managing patient care during a power outage, (3) demonstrate the ability to coordinate a medical team during a simulated power outage in an emergency department with limited resources, (4) manage a cardiac arrest patient by following Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocols for bradycardia and ventricular fibrillation, and (5) justify the urgency of transfer to a certified ST segment elevation myocardial infarction center/cardiac intensive care unit, referencing the recommended 120-minute door-to-balloon time.

A Realistic, Low-Cost Simulated Automated Chest Compression Device

By the end of this educational session using a resuscitation trainer or high-fidelity manikin, learners should be able to: 1) recognize appropriate application of simulated ACCD to an ongoing resuscitation case; 2) demonstrate proper positioning of simulated ACCD in manikin model and 3) integrate simulated ACCD to provide compressions appropriately throughout cardiac arrest scenario.

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